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SAAM II™
Simulation Analysis and Modeling II
Windows Software for ODE-based modeling prototyping, simulation, and fit.
Fully graphic, easy, and powerful.
PK · PK-PD · Systems · Dosimetry · PBPK · Complex Kinetics · Metabolism
Originated at NIH · Developed at University of Washington · Shaped by decades of modeling with compartments.
- Interface → Drag and drop model building (easy learning curve)
- Reliability → Trusted by industry, academia and gov researchers for 30 years
USERS HIGHLIGHTS
- Licensing → 1- or 3-year, machine-locked · discounted academic & nonprofit pricing
- Platform → Native Windows · macOS supported via virtual machines
- Longevity → Used across academia, government, and industry for 30+ years
- User retention → Very high renewal rates across long-term users
- Scientific footprint → Referenced in ~50 peer-reviewed publications per year
- Learning curve → Fully graphical workflow · fast onboarding without loss of modeling power
- Validation → Numerically robust1, 2 and extensively validated by long-term users
- Performance → Optimized for large ODE systems and computationally intensive models
- Adoption → 50+ countries
- FDA milestone → Padova–UVA diabetes simulator designed in SAAM II (2008, MAF-1521)3
SPECS HIGHLIGHTS
- Core language → Computational kernels optimized in C
- ODE solvers → Stiff and non-stiff solvers with adaptive step size
- Multi-fit → Modified weighted least squares
- Bayesian → Maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation option
- Forcing-function method → Enables optimization of complex dynamic systems
- Virtual populations → Generation of virtual normal populations
- Batch processing → High-throughput individual fitting across hundreds of subjects
- Population PK add-on → Two-stage approach built on individual fits
- Sensitivity analysis → Local sensitivity methods
- Complexity → Near-linear scaling · Fitting models tested up to ~400 compartments
Model Visuals → Design simple and complex models · Perazzolo Simone · PAGE conference 2023 & Lipoproteins models in Barrett 1998
Show case study examples
PBPK Models → Prototype new structures and kinetics · Reference software in dosimetry and radionuclide modeling
L Cheng et al. A multicompartment stomach physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model capturing gastric reacidification can improve food effect predictions of weak bases, J Pharm Sci, 2026
A Kamp et al. A revised compartmental model for biokinetics and dosimetry of 2-[18F]FDG, EJMMI Physics, 2023
Car-T kinetics
Perazzolo et al., CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharm 2024
Drug–disease dynamics → Intracellular PK drives viral inactivation and treatment response
Perazzolo et al., CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharm 2024
Epidemiology → Epidemiological models implemented and fit in SAAM II ·
Perazzolo et al., CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharm 2024
Long-acting drug products → complex multi-phasic PK
Perazzolo et al., CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharm 2024
QSP
Vicini...
MATERIAL & LINKS
- History (30 years of SAAM II)
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Tutorials
- CPT Pharmacometrics paper
- Basic and advanced detailed
- Workshops Archive
- Population PK add-on
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Conferences & Societies
- Conferences
- David Bourne (boomer)
- PAGE
- Society of Nuclear Medicine & molecular Imaging
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Socials
- X.com
- Relevant PK Publications
- Relevant Dosimetry Publications
- Relevant Classic Publications
- Books